Hydration is particularly important for children as they have higher water requirements in relation to their body weight than adults.
Purpose and benefits
Children do not always recognise the early stages of thirst, which can make them particularly vulnerable to becoming dehydrated. This is especially true during times of increased body fluid loss, for example when they are playing sport or during warm weather.
- Dehydration, even if only mild, can cause:
- Tiredness
- Headaches
- Lethargy
- Lack of concentration
- Reduced mental performance
- Dry skin
Keeping hydrated can also help prevent constipation – visit ERIC for more information. Research suggests adequately hydrated children may have better performance in school.
If you are concerned that a child is not drinking enough or is excessively thirsty, please seek advice from your School Nurse or General Practitioner (GP).
Children should aim to hydrate with plain water. Drinking water as opposed to other drinks can help prevent tooth decay.
In the 2018 to 2019 school year, 23.4% of five year old’s in England had visible tooth decay.
Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral found in water in varying amounts, depending on where in the UK you live. It can help prevent tooth decay, which is why it is added to many brands of toothpaste and, in some areas, to the water supply through a process called fluoridation. It is important to remember that the water in Southampton City is non-fluoridated so the only available fluoride is via toothpaste or fluoride varnish (applied by a dentist).
The recommended strength of fluoride for children over seven and younger children at higher risk of decay is 1350 to 1500 parts per million (ppm). This information can be found on the back of a tube or box of toothpaste.
It is important to brush at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, last thing at night or before bedtime and one other time, avoiding rinsing after brushing. This combined with a low frequency sugar intake will help to lower the risk of tooth decay.
Achieving the access to water star
To meet the full standards of HH5 children must have consistent access to drinking water during lessons, when having their lunch and at morning and after school clubs. Schools must also encourage drinking water and staff members should be role models in drinking water and keeping hydrated as one way to help keep healthy. Schools should encourage parents to send children to school with a water bottle to drink during lessons (in some Southampton Schools this is provided) and at mealtimes (if not facilitated by the school). Schools might want to update or improve existing water fountains if needed.
Good oral hygiene should be encouraged by:
- Focusing on dental hygiene
- Sending newsletters home to parents with dental health messages
- Having school assemblies focusing on oral health
- Displaying posters in school (these could be designed by children)
- Following the PSHE curriculum
For more information
Visit the British Nutrition Foundation (BNF) website, which includes a healthy hydration guide.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has developed fluid requirements for children of different ages:
Group |
Age |
Amount of fluid from drinks and food (litres/day) |
Amount of fluid from drinks only (litres/day) |
Boys and girls |
4 to 8 |
1.6 |
1.1-1.3 |
Girls |
9 to 13 |
1.9 |
1.3-1.5 |
Boys |
9 to 13 |
2.1 |
1.5-1.7 |
More information about dental health